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Revenue
General
The Company has not generated revenue from product sales. The Company has generated revenue pursuant to (i) license and collaboration agreements, which include upfront payments for licenses or options to obtain licenses, payments for research and development services and milestone payments, and (ii) government grants. During the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, the Company recognized revenues as follows (in thousands):
During the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, the Company recognized revenue from the following strategic partnerships and other license agreements (in thousands):
Under the Company´s existing strategic partnerships and other license agreements, the Company could receive the following potential milestone payments (in millions):
Strategic Partnerships
Seattle Genetics
On February 8, 2018, the Company entered into the Seattle Genetics Agreements with Seattle Genetics, pursuant to which the parties will develop multiple targeted bispecific IO treatments for solid tumors and blood cancers.
Under the terms of the Seattle Genetics Agreements, the companies will pursue multiple antibody-Anticalin fusion proteins during the research phase. The Seattle Genetics Agreements provides Seattle Genetics a base option to select up to three programs for further development. Prior to the initiation of a pivotal trial, the Company may opt into global co-development and US commercialization of the second program and share in global costs and profits on an equal basis. Seattle Genetics will solely develop, fund and commercialize the other two programs. Seattle Genetics may also decide to select additional candidates from the initial research phase for further development in return for the payment to us of additional fees, milestone payments, and royalties
The Seattle Genetics Platform License grants Seattle Genetics a non-exclusive license to certain intellectual property related to the Anticalin platform technology.
Upon signing the Seattle Genetics Agreements, Seattle Genetics paid the Company a $30.0 million upfront fee and an additional $4.9 million was estimated to be paid for research and development services as reimbursement to the Company through the end of the research term. In addition, the Company may receive tiered royalties on net sales up to the low double-digits and up to $1.2 billion in total success-based research, development, commercial, and sales milestones payments across the product candidates, depending on the successful development and commercialization of those candidates. If Seattle Genetics exercises its option to select additional candidates from the initial research phase for further development, payment to Pieris of additional fees, milestone payments, and royalties would result.
The term of each of the Seattle Genetics Agreements ends upon the expiration of all of Seattle Genetics’s payment obligations under such Seattle Genetics Agreement. The Seattle Genetics Collaboration Agreement may be terminated by Seattle Genetics on a product-by-product basis for convenience beginning 12 months after its effective date upon 90 days' notice or, for any program where a pivotal study has been initiated, upon 180 days' notice. Any program may be terminated at Seattle Genetics's option. If any program is terminated by Seattle Genetics after a pre-defined pre-clinical stage, the Company will have full rights to continue such program. If any program is terminated by Seattle Genetics prior to such pre-defined pre-clinical stage, the Company will have the right to continue to develop such program, but will be obligated to offer a co-development option to Seattle Genetics for such program. The Seattle Genetics Collaboration Agreement may also be terminated by Seattle Genetics or the Company for an uncured material breach by the other party upon 90 days' notice, subject to extension for an additional 90 days if the material breach relates to diligence obligations and subject, in all cases, to dispute resolution procedures. The Seattle Genetics Collaboration Agreement may also be terminated due to the other party’s insolvency and may in certain instances, including for reasons of safety, be terminated on a product-by-product basis. Each party may also terminate the Seattle Genetics Agreements if the other party challenges the validity of any patents licensed under the Seattle Genetics Agreements, subject to certain exceptions. The Seattle Genetics Platform License will terminate upon termination of the Seattle Genetics Collaboration Agreement, whether in its entirety or on a product-by-product basis.
The Company accounted for the Seattle Genetics Agreements as a multiple element arrangement under ASC 605-25. The arrangement with Seattle Genetics contains the following initial deliverables: (i) three candidate research licenses that each consist of a non-exclusive platform technology license, a co-exclusive candidate research license, and research and development services, (ii) research, development and manufacturing services associated with each candidate research license, (iii) participation on various governance committees, and (iv) two antibody target swap options.
Management considered whether any of the deliverables could be considered separate units of accounting. The Company determined each license granted, at arrangement inception, did not have standalone value from the research and development services to be provided for the related antibody target programs due to the specific nature of the intellectual property and knowledge required to perform the research and development services. The Company determined that the participation on the various governance committees did have standalone value from the delivered licenses as the services could be performed by an outside party. The Company determined that the two antibody target swap options did have stand-alone value from the delivered licenses as the absence of delivering swap options does not impact the delivery of either the research licenses or the research, development and manufacturing services associated with each candidate research license.
As a result, management concluded there are six units of accounting at inception of the Seattle Genetics Agreements: (i) three combined units of accounting each representing a non-exclusive platform technology license, a co-exclusive candidate research license, and research and development services for first three approved Seattle Genetics antibody target programs, (ii) two units of accounting each representing an antibody target swap right for first and the second approved Seattle Genetics antibody target, and (iii) one unit of accounting representing the participation of the various governance committees.
The Company determined that neither VSOE nor TPE is available for any of the units of accounting identified at arrangement inception. Accordingly, the selling price of each unit of accounting was developed using BESP. The Company developed its best estimate of selling price for licenses by applying a risk adjusted, net present value, estimate of future potential cash flows approach, which included the cost of obtaining research and development services at arm’s length from a third-party provider, as well as internal full-time equivalent costs to support these services.
The Company developed the BESP for committee participation by using management’s best estimate of the anticipated participation hours multiplied by a market rate for comparable participants.
Allocable arrangement consideration at inception was comprised of the upfront fees of $30.0 million and $4.9 million of estimated research and development services to be reimbursed as research and development occurs through the research term. Therefore, the total allocable arrangement consideration at inception was $34.9 million and was allocated among the separate units of accounting using the relative selling price method.
The amounts allocated to the combined units of accounting for the three research programs will be recognized on a proportional performance basis through the completion of each respective estimated research term for the individual research programs. However, for the first two programs that contain antibody target swap rights, if the antibody target swap right is exercised, any remaining deferred revenue associated with the two programs at the time of the exercise would be recognized immediately. The amounts allocated to the antibody target swap rights will be recognized either at the time the target right expires, or if exercised, on a proportional performance basis over the estimated research term for that program. The amounts allocated to the participation on each of the committees will be recognized ratably over the anticipated research term for all research programs.
Management determined that all research, development, commercial and sales milestones are deemed non-substantive as they are based solely on the performance of another party. Non-substantive milestones will be treated as contingent revenue and will be recognized when achieved, to the extent the Company has no remaining performance obligations under the arrangement. Milestone payments earned upon the achievement of sales events will be recognized when earned.
The Company will recognize royalty revenue in the period of sale for the related product(s), based on the underlying contract terms, provided that the reported sales are reliably measurable and the Company has no remaining performance obligations, assuming all other revenue recognition criteria are met.
As of December 31, 2018, there is $4.6 million and $18.5 million of current and non-current deferred revenue, respectively, related to the Seattle Genetics Agreements.
AstraZeneca
On May 2, 2017, the Company entered into the AstraZeneca Agreements with AstraZeneca, which became effective on June 10, 2017, following expiration of the waiting period under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976. Under the AstraZeneca Agreements the parties will advance several novel inhaled Anticalin proteins.
In addition to the AstraZeneca Lead Product, the Company and AstraZeneca will also collaborate to progress four additional novel Anticalin proteins against undisclosed targets for respiratory diseases, or the AstraZeneca Collaboration Products, and together with the AstraZeneca Lead Product, collectively referred to as the AstraZeneca Products. The Company is responsible for advancing the AstraZeneca Lead Product through the phase 1 study, with the associated costs funded by AstraZeneca. The parties will collaborate thereafter to conduct a phase 2a study in asthma patients, with AstraZeneca continuing to fund development costs. After completion of the phase 2a study, Pieris has the option to co-develop the AstraZeneca Lead Product and also has the option to co-commercialize the AstraZeneca Lead Product in the United States. For the four AstraZeneca Collaboration Products, the Company will be responsible for the initial discovery of the novel Anticalin proteins, after which AstraZeneca will take the lead on continued development. The Company has the option to co-develop two of these four AstraZeneca Collaboration Products beginning at a pre-defined preclinical stage and would also have the option to co-commercialize these two programs in the United States, while AstraZeneca will be responsible for development and commercialization of the other programs worldwide.
The term of each of the AstraZeneca Agreements ends upon the expiration of all of AstraZeneca’s payment obligations under such AstraZeneca Agreement. The AstraZeneca Collaboration Agreement may be terminated by AstraZeneca in its entirety for convenience beginning 12 months after its effective date upon 90 days’ notice or, if the Company has obtained marketing approval for the marketing and sale of a product, upon 180 days’ notice. Each program may be terminated at AstraZeneca’s option; if any program is terminated by AstraZeneca, the Company will have full rights to such program. The AstraZeneca Collaboration Agreement may also be terminated by AstraZeneca or the Company for material breach upon 180 days’ notice of a material breach (or 30 days with respect to payment breach), provided that the applicable party has not cured such breach by the permitted cure period (including an additional 180 days if the breach is not susceptible to cure during the initial 180-day period) and dispute resolution procedures specified in the applicable AstraZeneca Agreement have been followed. The AstraZeneca Collaboration Agreement may also be terminated due to the other party’s insolvency and may in certain instances be terminated on a product-by-product and/or country-by-country basis. Each party may also terminate an AstraZeneca Agreement if the other party challenges the validity of patents related to certain intellectual property licensed under such AstraZeneca Agreement, subject to certain exceptions for infringement suits, acquisitions and newly-acquired licenses. The AstraZeneca Platform License will terminate upon termination of the AstraZeneca Collaboration Agreement, on a product-by-product and/or country-by-country basis.
At inception, AstraZeneca is granted the following licenses: (i) research and development license for the AstraZeneca Lead Product, (ii) commercial license for the AstraZeneca Lead Product, (iii) individual research licenses for each of the four AstraZeneca Collaboration Products, (iv) individual commercial licenses for each of the four AstraZeneca Collaboration Products, and (v) individual non-exclusive platform technology licenses for the AstraZeneca Lead Product and the four AstraZeneca Collaboration Products. AstraZeneca will be granted individual development licenses for each of the four AstraZeneca Collaboration Products upon completion of the initial discovery of Anticalin proteins.
The collaboration will be managed on an overall basis by a Joint Steering Committee, or JSC, formed by an equal number of representatives from the Company and AstraZeneca. In addition to the JSC, the AstraZeneca Collaboration Agreement also requires each party to designate an Alliance Manager to facilitate communication and coordination of the Parties activities under that AstraZeneca Agreement, as well as requires participation of both parties on: (i) a Joint Development Committee, or JDC, and (ii) a Commercialization Committee. The responsibilities of these committees vary, depending on the stage of development and commercialization of each Product.
Under the AstraZeneca Agreements, the Company received an upfront, non-refundable payment of $45.0 million. In addition, the Company will receive payments to conduct a phase 1 clinical study for the PRS-060.The Company is also eligible to receive research, development, commercial, sales milestone payments, and royalty payments. The Company may receive tiered royalties on sales of potential products commercialized by AstraZeneca and for co-developed products, gross margin share on worldwide sales equal dependent on the Company’s level of committed investment.
The Company accounted for the AstraZeneca Agreements as a multiple element arrangement under ASC 605-25. The arrangement with AstraZeneca contains the following initial deliverables: (i) five non-exclusive platform technology licenses, (ii) research and development license for the AstraZeneca Lead Product, (iii) commercial license for the AstraZeneca Lead Product, (iv) development and manufacturing services for the AstraZeneca Lead Product, (v) technology transfer services for the AstraZeneca Lead Product, (vi) research services related to the AstraZeneca Lead Product, (vii) participation on each of the committees, (viii) four research licenses for the AstraZeneca Collaboration Products, (ix) four commercial licenses for the AstraZeneca Collaboration Products, and (x) research services for the AstraZeneca Collaboration Products. Additionally, as the development licenses on the four AstraZeneca Collaboration Products may be granted at a discount in the future, the Company determined such discounts be included as an element of the arrangement at inception.
Management considered whether any of the deliverables could be considered separate units of accounting. The Company determined that the licenses granted for the AstraZeneca Lead Product at the inception of the arrangement did not have standalone value from the research services related to the AstraZeneca Lead Product and the licenses granted for the AstraZeneca Collaboration Products did not have standalone value from the research services for the AstraZeneca Collaboration Products, due to the specific nature of the intellectual property and knowledge required to perform the services. The Company also determined that the licenses granted at the inception of the arrangement did have standalone value from the development and manufacturing services for the AstraZeneca Lead Product, but that the participation on the various committees did have standalone value as the development and manufacturing services and committee service could be performed by an outside party. The Company determined that the commercial licenses for the AstraZeneca Collaboration Products granted at the inception of the arrangement did not have standalone value from the development licenses for the AstraZeneca Collaboration Products as the company would not benefit from the commercial license without the ability to develop each product.
As a result, management concluded that there were 11 units of accounting at the inception of the AstraZeneca Agreements: (i) combined unit of accounting representing a non-exclusive platform technology license, research and development license, and commercial licenses for the AstraZeneca Lead Product and research services for the AstraZeneca Lead Product, (ii) combined unit of accounting representing development and manufacturing services, and technology transfer services for the AstraZeneca Lead Product, (iii) committee participation, (iv-vii) four units of accounting representing a combined non-exclusive platform technology license, research licenses, and research services for each AstraZeneca Collaboration Product, and (viii-xi) four units of accounting representing the combined commercial licenses granted for the AstraZeneca Collaboration Products and corresponding discounts on the development licenses granted for the AstraZeneca Collaboration Products upon the achievement of specified preclinical activities.
The Company determined that neither VSOE nor TPE is available for any of the units of accounting identified at the inception of the arrangement. Accordingly, the selling price of each unit of accounting was developed using management’s BESP. The Company developed the BESP for licenses and corresponding research services by applying a risk adjusted, net present value, estimate of future potential cash flow approach, which included the cost of obtaining research services at arm’s length from a third-party provider, as well as internal full-time equivalent costs to support these services. The Company developed the BESP for development and manufacturing services, and technology transfer services for the AstraZeneca Lead Product using estimated internal and external costs to be incurred.
The Company developed the BESP for committee participation by using management’s best estimate of the anticipated participation hours multiplied by a market rate for comparable participants.
The Company developed the BESP for the commercial licenses and discounts granted on the development licenses by probability weighting multiple cash flow scenarios using the income approach.
Allocable arrangement consideration at inception is comprised of the $45.0 million upfront fee and the $8.2 million estimated development and manufacturing services to be reimbursed for the AstraZeneca Lead Product. The aggregate allocable consideration of $53.2 million is allocated among the separate units of accounting using the relative selling price method.
The amounts allocated to the unit of accounting for the AstraZeneca Lead Product and four units of accounting for the four AstraZeneca Collaboration Products will be recognized on a proportional performance basis as the activities are conducted over the life of the arrangement. The amounts allocated to the development and manufacturing services, and technology transfer services for the AstraZeneca Lead Product will be recognized on a proportional performance basis over the estimated term of development through phase 2a study. The amounts allocated to the participation on each of the committees will be recognized on a straight-line basis over the expected term of development of the AstraZeneca Lead Product and the AstraZeneca Collaboration Products. The term of performance at the inception of the arrangement is approximately five years. The amounts allocated to the commercial licenses and discounts on the development licenses granted in the future for the AstraZeneca Collaboration Products will be recognized upon delivery of each of the development licenses assuming all other revenue recognition criteria have been met. Additionally, the Company evaluated payments required to be made between both parties as a result of the shared development costs of the AstraZeneca Lead Product and the two AstraZeneca Collaboration Products for which the Company has a co-development option. The Company will classify payments made as a reduction of revenue and will classify payments received as revenue, in the period they are earned.
Under the AstraZeneca Agreements, the Company is eligible to receive various research, development, commercial, and sales milestones. Management determined certain of the research, development, and commercial milestones that may be received under the AstraZeneca Agreements are substantive when the Company is involved in the development and commercialization of the applicable AstraZeneca Products. Payment related to achievement of such milestones, if any, will be recognized as revenue when the milestone is achieved. Total potential substantive development milestones range from $72.2 million to $611.4 million, dependent on the Company’s decision, on a product-by-product basis, whether to co-develop the AstraZeneca Lead Product and AstraZeneca Collaboration Products. Research, development, and commercial, and sales milestones are deemed non-substantive if they are based solely on the performance of another party. Non-substantive milestones will be treated as contingent revenue and will be recognized when achieved to the extent the Company has no remaining performance obligations under the arrangement. Total potential non-substantive research, development, and commercial milestones range from $366.2 million to $1.1 billion. The Company may receive lower research, development, and commercial, milestones if the Company chooses to co-develop the AstraZeneca Lead Product and/or AstraZeneca Collaboration Products, depending on the level of co-development investment. Total potential sales milestones are up to $1.0 billion and will be recognized when earned, assuming all other revenue recognition revenue criteria have been met.
The Company will recognize royalty and gross margin share revenue in the period of sale of the related AstraZeneca Product, based on the underlying contract terms, provided that the reported sales are reliably measurable and the Company has no remaining performance obligations, assuming all other revenue recognition criteria are met.
The successful initiation of a phase 1 study during the year ended December 31, 2017 resulted in a milestone achievement of $12.6 million, which was recorded as revenue in the respective period. We are eligible to receive another milestone payment for PRS-060 upon the initiation of a phase 2a study. As of December 31, 2018, there is $25.5 million and $6.8 million of current and non-current deferred revenue, respectively, related to the AstraZeneca Agreements.
Servier
On January 4, 2017, the Company entered into the Servier Agreements with Servier pursuant to which the Company and Servier will initially pursue five bispecific therapeutic programs.
Five committed programs have been defined, which may combine antibodies from the Servier portfolio with one or more Anticalin proteins based on the Company’s proprietary platform to generate innovative IO bispecific drug candidates, or the Collaboration Products. The collaboration may be expanded by up to three additional therapeutic programs. The Company has the option to co-develop and retain commercial rights in the United States for up to three programs beyond PRS-332, or the Co-Development Collaboration Products, while Servier will be responsible for development and commercialization of the other programs worldwide, or the Servier Worldwide Collaboration Products. Each party is responsible for an agreed upon percentage of shared costs, as set forth in the budget for the collaboration plan, and further discussed below.
Co-Development Collaboration Products may be jointly developed, according to a collaboration plan, through marketing approval from the FDA or EMA. Servier Worldwide Collaboration Products may be jointly developed, according to a collaboration plan, through specified preclinical activities, at which point Servier becomes responsible for further development of the Collaboration Product.
At inception, Servier was granted the following licenses: (i) development license for PRS-332, (ii) commercial license for PRS-332, (iii) individual research licenses for each of the four Collaboration Products, and (iv) individual non-exclusive platform technology licenses for each of PRS-332 and four Collaboration Products. Upon achievement of certain development activities, specified by the collaboration for each Servier Agreement, Servier will be granted a development license and a commercial license. For PRS-332 and Co-Development Collaboration Products, the licenses granted are with respect to the entire world except for the United States. For Servier Worldwide Collaboration Products, the licenses granted are with respect to the entire world.
The Servier Agreements will be managed on an overall basis by a joint executive committee, or JEC, formed by an equal number of members from the Company and Servier. Decisions by the JEC will be made by consensus, however, in the event of a disagreement, each party will have final-decision making authority as it relates to the applicable territory in which such party has commercialization rights for the applicable product. In addition to the JEC, the Servier Collaboration Agreement requires the participation of both parties on: (i) a JSC, (ii) a JDC, (iii) a Joint Intellectual Property Committee, or JIPC, and (iv) a Joint Research Committee, or JRC. The responsibilities of these committees vary, depending on the stage of development and commercialization of PRS-332 and each of the Collaboration Products.
For PRS-332 and Co-Development Collaboration Products, the Company and Servier are responsible for an agreed upon percent of the shared costs required to develop the products through commercialization. In the event that the Company fails to exercise their option to co-develop the Co-Development Collaboration Products, Servier has the right to continue with the development and will be responsible for all costs required to develop the products through commercialization.
Under the Servier Agreements, the Company received an upfront, non-refundable payment of €30.0 million (approximately $32.0 million). In addition, the Company is eligible to receive research, development, commercial, and sales milestone payments as well as tiered royalties up to low double digits on the sales of commercialized products in the Servier territories. The Company achieved two preclinical milestones under the program, one in December 2018 for €0.5 million (approximately $0.6 million) and another in February 2019 for €1.5 million (approximately $1.7 million), both of which were paid in 2019. The Company intends to file an IND for the drug candidate in the second half of 2019 which would trigger another milestone payment due from Servier.
The initial research collaboration term, as it relates to PRS-332 and Collaboration Products, shall continue for three years from the effective date, and may be mutually extended for two one-year terms consecutively applied.
The term of each Servier Agreement ends upon the expiration of all of Servier’s payment obligations under such Servier Agreement. The Servier Agreements may be terminated by Servier for convenience beginning 12 months after their effective date upon 180 days’ notice. The Servier Agreements may also be terminated by Servier or the Company for material breach upon 90 days’ or 120 days’ notice of a material breach, with respect to the Servier Collaboration Agreement and the Servier Platform License, respectively, provided that the applicable party has not cured such breach by the applicable 90-day or 120-day permitted cure period, and dispute resolution procedures specified in the applicable Servier Agreement have been followed. The Servier Agreements may also be terminated due to the other party’s insolvency or for a safety issue and may in certain instances be terminated on a product-by-product and/or country-by-country basis. The Servier Platform License will terminate upon termination of the Servier Collaboration Agreement, on a product-by-product and/or country-by-country basis.
The Company accounted for the Servier Agreements as a multiple element arrangement under ASC 605-25. The arrangement with Servier contains the following initial deliverables: (i) five non-exclusive platform technology licenses, (ii) development license for PRS-332, (iii) commercial license for PRS-332, (iv) research and development services for PRS-332, (v) participation on each of the committees, (vi) four research licenses for Collaboration Products, and (vii) research and development services for the Collaboration Products. Additionally, as the development and commercial licenses on the four Collaboration Products may be granted at discount in the future, the Company determined such discounts be included as an element of the arrangement at inception.
Management considered whether any of the deliverables could be considered separate units of accounting. The Company determined the licenses granted, at arrangement inception, did not have standalone value from the research and development services to be provided for PRS-332 and Collaboration Products, over the term of the Servier Agreements, due to the specific nature of the intellectual property and knowledge required to perform the research and development services. The Company determined that the participation on the various committees did have standalone value from the delivered licenses as the services could be performed by an outside party.
As a result, management concluded there are 10 units of accounting at inception of the Servier Agreements: (i) combined unit of accounting representing a non-exclusive platform technology license, commercial license, development license and research and development services for PRS-332, (ii) four units of accounting each representing a combined non-exclusive platform technology license, research license, and research and development services for each Collaboration Product (iii) one unit of accounting representing the participation of the various governance committees, and (iv) four units of accounting representing the discounts on the development and commercial licenses granted for the Collaboration Products upon the achievement of specified preclinical activities.
The Company determined that neither VSOE nor TPE is available for any of the units of accounting identified at arrangement inception. Accordingly, the selling price of each unit of accounting was developed using BESP. The Company developed its best estimate of selling price for licenses by applying a risk adjusted, net present value, estimate of future potential cash flows approach, which included the cost of obtaining research and development services at arm’s length from a third-party provider, as well as internal full-time equivalent costs to support these services.
The Company developed the BESP for committee participation by using management’s best estimate of the anticipated participation hours multiplied by a market rate for comparable participants.
The Company developed the BESP for the discounts granted on the licenses by probability weighting multiple cash flow scenarios using the income approach.
Allocable arrangement consideration at inception is comprised of the upfront fee of €30.0 million (approximately $32.0 million) and was allocated among the separate units of accounting using the relative selling price method.
The amounts allocated to the combined unit of accounting for PRS-332 and four units of accounting for the four Collaboration Products will be recognized on a proportional performance basis as the activities are conducted over the life of the arrangement. The term of the performance at inception of the Servier Agreements for PRS-332 and each of the Co-Developed Collaboration Products may be through approval of certain regulatory bodies; a period which could be many years. The term of the performance at inception of the agreement for each of the other two Servier Worldwide Collaboration Products is approximately two to three years. The amounts allocated to the participation on each of the committees will be recognized ratably over the anticipated performance period over the entirety of the arrangement with Servier. The amounts allocated to the discounts of the development and commercial licenses granted in the future will be recognized upon delivery of each of the licenses assuming no other performance obligations.
Additionally, the Company evaluated payments required to be made between both parties as a result of the shared development costs of PRS-332 and Co-Development Collaboration Products. The Company will classify payments made as a reduction of revenue and will classify payments received as revenue, in the period they are earned.
Under the Servier Agreements the Company is eligible to receive various research, development, commercial, and sales milestones. Management determined certain research, development and commercial milestones, which may be received under the Servier Agreements, are substantive when the Company is involved in the development and commercialization of the applicable product. Payments related to the achievement of such milestones, if any, will be recognized as revenue when the milestone is achieved. Total potential substantive research, development and commercial milestones are up to €163.0 million. Research, development, and commercial milestones are deemed non-substantive if they are based solely on the performance of another party. Non-substantive milestones will be treated as contingent revenue and will be recognized when achieved, to the extent the Company has no remaining performance obligations under the arrangement. Milestone payments earned upon the achievement of sales events will be recognized when earned.
The Company will recognize royalty revenue in the period of sale for the related product(s), based on the underlying contract terms, provided that the reported sales are reliably measurable and the Company has no remaining performance obligations, assuming all other revenue recognition criteria are met.
As of December 31, 2018, there is $2.6 million and $28.0 million of current and non-current deferred revenue, respectively, related to the Servier Agreements.
Other License Agreements
ASKA
On February 27, 2017 the Company entered into the ASKA Option Agreement to grant ASKA an option to acquire (1) a non-exclusive license to certain intellectual property rights associated with the Company’s Anticalin platform, or the Licensed Platform IP, and (2) an exclusive license to certain intellectual property rights specifically related to the Company’s PRS-080 Anticalin protein, or the Licensed Product IP, in order to develop, manufacture, import, sale, export, and offer for sale and export any pharmaceutical formulation containing PRS-080, the Company’s PEGylated Anticalin protein targeting hepcidin, or the Licensed Product, in Japan and certain other Asian territories, or the Licensed Territory.
Pieris is obliged to use commercially reasonable efforts to complete the phase 2a study for PRS-080 and to submit to ASKA, in writing, the final results of the study when available. Upon receipt, ASKA will have 60 days to evaluate the results of the phase 2a study, or the Evaluation Period. ASKA agreed to notify the Company, in writing, of its decision to exercise its option to acquire rights to the Licensed Product. If the phase 2a study meets the applicable success criteria and ASKA fails to provide notification that it will exercise its option, ASKA shall pay the Company an additional fee within 30 days of the end of the Evaluation Period, or the Break-Up Fee. If ASKA exercises the option, ASKA and the Company will enter into a separate definitive arrangement governing the future development and commercialization activities.
The Company determined that the completed phase 2a study represents the single deliverable (and the sole unit of account) under the ASKA Option Agreement for which an upfront payment of $2.75 million was received from ASKA. While the completion of the phase 2a study requires the completion of a number of actions, the Company determined that the significance in value of the finalization of the data and evaluation of results of the phase 2a study is the point at which revenue would be recognized. Therefore, no revenue was recognized in connection with this arrangement for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. As of December 31, 2018, there is $2.94 million of current deferred revenue related to the ASKA Option Agreement.
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